Alphabet Swoth and Pestel free essay sample

There are several PESTEL forces which could affect our company. Socio-cultural pestel includes distribution of population according different age group, sex, religion, income etc. All these features can have an impact on our company, as distribution of computer games in an area, where people are not interested in computer games is not target area, as sales would not be high enough to create siginficant profit, or profit at all. For example; an area with a  high average age is not a  great place, as older people and mainly retired people are not able to operate computers or games consoles. hey have different interests and priorities. Even an area with a  low wage income,as prices of computer games keep rising, people would not be able to afford buying them. The desired area which our company should focuse is area with average age between 10 and 20, as this age group is highly intersted in playing computer games and are able to operate computers and game consoles. We will write a custom essay sample on Alphabet Swoth and Pestel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best way how to pick the best market is to do research of the area for future business. Population Census is the ideal dokument , which provides our company with all needed information for sucesfull business and healthy profit. Economical PESTEL incudes factors as inflation, prices of competition, taxation and addtitionla charges for importing patrs from foreign countries, and overall economical situation in the country. This type of PESTEL is highly important for Alphabet Games, as it affects prices of its products, which go higher, if competition has much higher prices, higher taxes or rising inflation. Vice versa, prices have to be lowered, if people can not afford compny’s product due to recession and economical crisis. The best way how to adjust prices for customer making our products desirable is to carry out research on montlhly bases to make sure that prices are correct, reasonable, but still making profit. Technological factor is another type of PESTEL which Alphabet Games should be aware of, as technology keeps changing, new game consoles, computers and game softwares are being intoroduced on daily bases. Products of our company has to be up-to-date with the correct software which could be played on any type of new game device. It would be useless to produce games with an old graphic, or old flash software as customers would not be interested in buying them, as competition produces games with the newest technology and graphics. The best way how to deal with this factor, is to observe market with a  new technology and make reasonable and realistic decisions about using it. Legal factor is another type of PESTEL. This factor includes laws, policies, age restrictions or any neccessary lables on packaging of product. This factor is important for our company as well, as all laws needs to be watched and followed. If the company produces games with a  forbidden elements,for example violence, sexual scenes etc. , local authorities or even government could take them down from market. This will affect profit and could cause serious financial damage. Also all packaging has to be labeled with correct marks and sighns as age restriction label, epilepsy warning labels etc. B. SWOT Analysis Swot analysis is a  process during which all strenght, weaknesses , opportunities and threats are examined considering external and internal factors of company. SWOT S- Strenghts W-Weaknesses O-Oportunities T-Threats 1. Strenghts Team Force Strenghts of our company are that our team is ambitios, act in a  professional manner, there is a  good communication and atmosphere within the company. All these factors are considered as a  strenght as it makes company stronger and united. Everybody knows what to do, staff is motivated and willing to work. Quality All these factors are reflected on quality of our products and services. Competitvness, Reputation Alphabet Games can easy compete with other compnies , which regard us as an equal competitor. Flexibility Company is flexible and very well reacts to changes on market. All these factors help to company’s reputation, what attracts customers. 2. Weaknesses Alphabet Games has also its weaknesses. Recruting When new staff is recruited, skills and quality of work is not the priority for getting the job, but motivation and passion. This could afect the quality of products, harm copmany’s reputation and loosing of customer and financial looses. This issues has to be solved as soon as possible, as the production and results are the most importatn factors for our company. Organisational structure Company has no organisation divison. There is 25 members of staff and 3 leaders, but no Office manager or at least supervisor. It would be highly usefull if authority would be present in the Office all the time, to supervise team making sure everything i sup-to-date, paperwork is filled out properly, procedures followed and that no employee is behind with the work. Also HR department could be created , which would support staff providing training or doing recruitment etc. 3. Opportunities New Market Alphabet games could expand, by expanding online shop, in order to target oversees markets and new customers. New Tehnnology New Technologies could be used for developing new types of games to attract customers and to be more competitive with other companies. Co-operation As Alphabet Games company already co-operates with film makers, this could really help promotion and advertising. Advertisment of our new games could be played before any film in cinema, so people would be aware of products. Dissapearing companies Because of a  bad economical situation, small companies are dissapearing, so their customers can start using our pservices. Merging Because some big compnies merges with other companies, our company, even i tis sucesfull and produces considerable profit, merging with the same size company would not be bad idea. This would bring new ideas, new people, customers and suppliers from both companies together. All these opportunities would rise profit and would guarantee an expansion to our company. 4. Threats Competition External threats for our company are expanding big companies, as they could expand so much that they would overtake whole market and demand for our producst would not be enough to support Alphabet Games company. New technology Prices of new Technology is nother threat, as they can start at a  high prices and our company would not be able to afford it. Consequently, competitors would prodduce games in demand, meanwhile our company would be producing old fashion games, which is nobody interested in. Piracy Piracy is nother problem which our company has to face, as more and more games including our games are available online to dawnload for free. The best way how to sort this problem out is to employ one person to visit the most frequent visited piracy pages to delete them from the list. Economic Situation If economic situation gets worse, for example recession, people would not be able to afford our products and profit of Alphabet Games would lower. This threat could be resolved by monitoring the economic siatuation; and altering prices according results. This plies not only on recession, but inflation, taxation as well. Strenghts| Weaknesses| Ambitious Comparable with competition Great reputation for excellence Quality, innovation Flexibility Professionalism Innovative Good Communication| Recruitment priorities-quality at the bottom, Passion is the most important Too much staff-no organizational division| Opportunities| Threats| New market-new customers Small competitors are disappearing Merging with the same size company,Developing technology Co-operation with film makers etc†¦better Advertisement| Growing competitors Rising taxation Inflation Higher prices=new technology Economic situation Piracy| C. SWOT Analysis Guidelines Swot analysis is a  tool which helps to understand and make decisions for a  different kind of situation in business. It is used for business planning, strategic planning, evaluation of competitors, marketing and company’s development. Strenghts are attributes of company which creates a  considerable advantage upon which company can bult and develop. These are internal factors. Weaknesses are deficiencies in present resources of the organisation, as they limit its effectivness, prgress, developement and expansion. All issues has to be resolved as soon as possible, actions have to be taken to minimise any possoble harm cause by them. This includes only internal factors. Opportunities are external elements which create an advantage for the company. The organisation must be extremly sensitive to changes on market to be able to use all these changes in its profit. This includes external factors. Threats are external elemnts which create a  disadvantage for the company. These are also called infavourbale situations. They can endanger operation of the company, its effectivness and cause financial looses. This includes external factors. Rules of good SWOT analysis: * Analysis should be realistic and honest * It should be spot on It should be clear where your company stands in the present and in the future * Points hsould be simple without any irrelevant details * Analysis should be applied on competition as well * Be as objective as possible * Objectives has to be defined * SWOT is not a  strategy, it is only a  way how to create a  strategy * Opportunities are ususally mistaken for strenghts . Boundaries should be set. What to do next: * Company should built on its strenghts * Weaknesses should be resolved * Opportunities should be used * Threats should be avoided, or at least limited References: http://www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm http://www.utalkmarketing.com/Pages/News.aspx

Fur Trade essays

Fur Trade essays When the Europeans came to America, there were fur-bearings animals everywhere. The best quality of furs came from the north, the reason why, is because in the north the animals needed a thicker coat to protect themselves from the harsher winter. The Indians were only hunting the fur-bearing animals for food, and for the fur for clothing, but since they didnt hunt them for sport the population of the animals remained fairly steady. Later on, when the Europeans arrived, they wanted as many furs as they could get, and soon after the population of animals declined greatly in many areas. The earliest fur traders in North America were French explorers and fishermen who arrived in what is now Eastern Canada during the early 1500's. Trade started after the French offered the Indians kettles, knives, and other gifts as a means to establish friendly relations. The Indians, in turn, gave pelts to the French. By the late 1500's, a great demand for fur had developed in Europe. This demand encouraged further exploration of North America. The demand for beaver increased rapidly in the early 1600s; when fashionable European men began to wear felt hats made from beaver fur. Such furs as fox, marten, mink, and otter also were traded. In 1608, the French explorer Samuel de Champlain established a trading post on the site of the present-day city Quebec. The city became fur-trading centre. The French expanded their trading activities along the St. Lawrence River and around the Great Lakes. They eventually controlled most of the early fur trade in what became Canada. The French traders obtained furs from the Huron Indians and, later, from the Ottawa. These tribes were not trappers, but they acquired the furs from other Indians. The French also developed the fur trade along the Mississippi River. There was a great chain of people who were involved in the fur-trade and everyone had a different task to do. They worked very hard to a ...

China's Military Rise over the Long Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

China's Military Rise over the Long Term - Essay Example As a result of this modernization, many countries and leaders have promulgated their views, which express their opinions on such policies. Most countries argue that it has become hard to deny that, over the last two decades, tremendous economic growth has allowed China to involve itself in robust military modernization (Fisher 88). Nature of China’s Military Rise China’s economic growth has led to robust modernization of its military. Experts argue that the defense budget in China ranges over two percent of the entire country’s GDP. Through this rapid increase in its military, China has become a potential threat to regional as well as international peace and security. The chief focus of most countries in regard to the rising China’s military lies in two main developments of the military. These two developments in the military include increasing rapid growth in the military budget allocation and developments of nuclear arsenal (Kondapalli 29). The allocatio n of finances to the military department has risen; this has led to the growth in the military. The defense budget increases annually with approximately 12%, which has made China emerge as a massive military spender in the entire world. China has not given up investing with its military and has ensured the growth through constant increase in the amount allocated to the department. This is evident through China’s modernization of its air and naval forces and its nuclear and missile forces. The increasing use of finances to modernize its military has tremendously improved the military; this has made China rank top in the world since it has the largest army (Shambaugh 67). In terms of military strength, China ranks second in the entire world. The country has also improved its military through the acquisition of modern and advanced nuclear weapons. China’s Military Rise and its Impacts on Asia The military build up in China has caused an alarm to its neighbors in Asia. The Asian countries fear that the build up of military by China might draw to its sphere of influence. As a result of China’s military rise, countries in Asia have decided to spend more in their defense budget than they used to spend. Among the countries that have increased their military spending include South Korea, Japan and India. These countries have tried to modernize their military in order to reach that of China (Kondapalli 77). China has influenced these countries to acquire modern military equipments in fear that China might have a hidden plan of attacking them. Building up of China’s military has increased the military strength of Asia. The military of Asia was not regarded strong in the last two decades, but due to the increasing rise of China’s military, some Asian countries have strengthened the continent’s military. This has led to overall improvement in the strength of the Asian military. The increase in strength of the Asian military has mad e the international community view Asia as a security threat to the entire international community; however, this may not be the case (Fisher 89). Although the strengthening of China’s military has been viewed as frightening to the Asian countries, the build up of China’s military must not be carried with hysteria since China is less formidable to its neighbors. This is because China’s army has less than 30 years combat experience. Impact of

African and american politics of social change Article

African and american politics of social change - Article Example and for the fact that they are portrayed negatively by the society, the young black men in the American community have undergone extremely harsh treatment from authorities compared to the white young men. This article is purposefully out to understand the aspects surrounding the young black men in the American society; it also seeks to examine ways in which the government and the stakeholders can offer assistance in order to help the young black men engage in reasonable and fruitful activities in terms ameliorating their lives; through mentorship, as well as conducting restoration for those who have reached extreme levels of drug abuse and criminal activities. This article also seeks to identify the main problems faced by the young black men, as well as the causes of those problems. An initiative was initiated by president Obama this past month dubbed My Brother’s keeper; this enterprise aims to enhance the survival opportunities of young black men. This is a positively vital effort intended to aid the young black men as it is considered one of the most vulnerable groups in the society. As indicated earlier in the article, there is a likeliness of young black men leaving the school system and engaging in criminal activities, therefore attracting the attention of disciplinary and administrative systems such as juvenile and criminal justice structures. Disagreements have sprung up regarding the basis of the complications, but a few are doubtful that drastic measures must be undertaken to address the problems. Obama highlighted a number of interventions one being a program based in Chicago known as becoming a man; this program has the aim of curbing the violent nature of the teenagers through teaching cognitive social skills for example self-control, the ability of studying the reactions and intentions of others more accurately as well as conflict resolution. Naturally, most young individuals have short vehemence and upon provocation they tend to lash out at

Meaning of a Communication Major Research Paper

Meaning of a Communication Major - Research Paper Example However, not at all times must the receiver be aware of the sender’s plan to communicate at the time of communication. History of Communication as a Discipline While communication is part of every human interaction, no other discipline makes this behavior its unique focus. The Handbook of Rhetorical and Communication Theory by Gehrke, Pat (2009, p. 5) tells notes that communication departments deal with"†¦the pragmatics of human communication†. According to John Waite Bowers, former president of the National Communication Association, the discipline has both humanistic and social science roots. From the ancient Greek and Roman rhetoricians Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and Augustine, we have one of the original liberal Arts. In recent times academics have added the methodologies of careful social science research to study communication behavior which use epistemology, perception and social organization theory (Wahl?Jorgensen, 2004). Communication is at the same time the oldest and the newest discipline. The Department of Rhetoric was replaced often by Department of Speech in college campuses just prior to World War I. After fifty years under that name; many departments started calling themselves â€Å"Speech Communication" and currently many are "Communication" or "Communication Studies" or other combination which tries to capture both the central focus of the discipline as well as its concerns. Scholars concentrate on understanding, analyzing, interpreting, critiquing and correlating principles which account for human communication experiences and behavior Benson (1985).Concerns range from logic and critical thinking to social and psycholinguistic variables. What Communication Studies Entails Essentially, a communication major focuses on the study of rhetoric and language based on Latin and Greek, and how these could be used for the benefit of society (Packer & Robertson, 2006). Like other arts including history, archeology, philosophy, linguisti cs and religion, ancient teachings form the foundation for communication major studies. A major in communication studies equips a student with in-depth knowledge of nature of human communication. Furthermore, the student gets to learn symbol systems of communication, media, communication environments and the effects of communication. Core to rhetoric are logos, pathos and ethos (Fink & McPhee, 2005). In the contemporary setting, majoring in communication teaches one to use appropriate medium to effectively present arguments and deliver messages. Today, for example, political speeches and messages presented on mass media are pregnant with rhetoric. Majoring in communication also helps academics learn how common languages evolve over time to such an extent that they define communities distinguishing them from the one another. Some of the subjects encountered in communication major include the following: Public Address - The study of speakers and speeches, including the historical and social context of platforms, campaigns and movements, and how current speakers can learn skills and applications to their own creation and production of messages. Oral Interpretation and Performance of Literature –The traditional part of the discipline that studies literature through performance. Based on critical analysis of written text, skilled verbal and non verbal presentations the

User Side And Server Side Factor

User Side And Server Side Factor In this report, I will describe and explain about user side and server side factor that can influence the performance of a website and state particular server side capabilities with consideration for limitation of equipment and software customer may be using to browse the website. User side factor: Hardware: The speed of computer system can influence the performance of the website. If the computer system is slow so the user will take a long time to load full website. The speed of computer depends on speed of RAM, ROM and CPU. Ram is plugged into RAM slots on the motherboard. It is used to storage data while Pc is on. It is volatile and temporary. There are many types of RAM kinds. Examples are: SDR RAM, DDR R AM, DDR2 RAM†¦ Rom is different to Ram. It already is designed and connected with the motherboard. So the users dont worry to connect the Rom. Rom is only enabled to read data. It is permanent and non volatile. CPU: is the most important component of computer system. It is located in CPU socket on the motherboard. It is used to processing data and programs. CPU read directives from RAM and realizes those directives. Computers processing speed depends on speed of CPU, but it also depends on other systems. CPU processes data and programs in 4 steps. There are: fetch, decode, execute, and write back. And one more important that the user must have to connect to internet is modem. Modem is the oldest interconnection devices. It is enabling communication over conventional telephone system. The term of modem is coming from modulator and demodulator. It uses a variety of technologies to assist and improve their communication. All modems can offer asynchronous communication (which dont require a common timing to occur between two devices) and synchronous communication (which is a continuous timed transmission). Modem can not affect to computer speed but it affects to internet speed. Internet connection speed: It also is an important part that can influence the performance of website. Even the users have a good computer that has very fast speed but they have slow internet speed, they also must take long time to view and browse the website. The user also must to choose the ISP (internet service provider) that will provide the internet services for them. Broadband is a good idea for the users because it is faster than Dial-up connection. Modem: Modem is also important part of internet connection. The users need it to connect to internet. Modem is the oldest interconnection devices. It is enabling communication over conventional telephone system. The term of modem is coming from modulator and demodulator. It uses a variety of technologies to assist and improve their communication. All modems can offer asynchronous communication (which dont require a common timing to occur between two devices) and synchronous communication (which is a continuous timed transmission) Virus: is software of computer. It occurs when rogue code has entered the computer system. Virus hides itself inside ordinary executable code and makes damage to data, computer system or services. Actually there are over 20000 viruses in the world. It affects the speed of computers operation and slows down the internet connection speed. Software: The users also need to install some software that can make the users easier and faster to connect to internet and browse the website. Examples are Firefox, internet explorer and flash player. Firefox and internet explorer are website browser that are used to browse the website. But I think the user should use Firefox because it is better than internet explorer. Firefox provides fast browsing speed, good security and many features. And flash player is application software that is necessary for browsing the website. It helps the web browser easier and faster loading video or flash on the website. Server side factor: Hardware: Like the user side factor, server side factor also require good speed of RAM and CPU. But server provides internet services to the users, so RAM and CPU of server should be very fast. They involve to the server speed. Server speed: Bandwidth: bandwidth is the capacity that a network connection can conduct at one time. It determines how much traffic can be handled by the web server and how much material is able to be downloaded at any one time. It can be thought of as a pipe from the web server to the users. Server operating systems: It is network operation system software that is used to run computer system. For example is window server 2003. It is the current server version of Windows and Window XP is the workstation version. Window server 2003 is similar in appearance to window NT4.0. There are many version of Window server 2003 which are Web edition, Standard edition, Enterprise edition, and Data centre edition. The different editions of window server 2003 support various hardware platforms and server role. They provide a variety of service which enables the users to interact with other users, system, and application. There are many services that are provided in window server 2003. But in this task I will explain typical services that provided by a window server 2003 directory service. Security: There are many risks for a website. They may be virus, Trojan, hacker, spyware. They can steals customers details and use them for fraud. The server should have security software to protect the system such as firewall, Norton internet security. Security also is the biggest worry for commercial website because they save all the details and information of customers that could be stolen. So the server should have a good security to protect them. Port available: it is device that is used to transfer data between a computer serial port and an Ethernet local area network. It can be used with all types of serial devices and peripherals. It is possible to use Ethernet in place of serial cables, minimizing workstation clutter and also allowing serial devices to be placed far away from the computers with which they are used. The other factors that can influence the performance of website: Web browser compatibility: The website will be browsed by web browser so web browser can affect to the website. The web browse should have all features which help the users to loading the website easier and faster such as flash player. Also web browser should have all compatibility that is needed for a website. For examples are viewing the website with difference font size, colour, etc†¦ Image: On the website, the image may be a graphic hyperlink that is used to link to other page of website. There are 2 types of image that can be used o website. They are bitmap image and vector image. Bitmap image is made up of pixels in a grid. Bitmap format is really easy to use for photos. It is fast to display because the monitor is already just a grid of colour dots, so to display them, the users are just changing the colour of the dots that are already there. But if the users want to stretch a bitmap, they just make all those dots in the photo bigger than the dots on their screen and the photos will be fuzzy. In general, bitmap format is ok for drawings, great for photos and best for the web. But it is hard to stretch, hard to convert to vector. Bitmap image is the file that has ending .bmp .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .psd, etc†¦ And some software to edit bitmap image are Microsoft Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo-Paint, Corel Paint Shop Pro, etc†¦ Vector image is difference to bitmap image. It has a lot of virtues. It is made up of many individual, scalable objects. These objects are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so it always render at the highest quality. These objects may consist of lines, curves, and shapes with editable attributes such as colour, fill, and outline. An object can be modified not only by changing its attributes. Vector image has many advantages such as be stretched to various sizes without losing quality. But it still has some disadvantage such as unsuitable for producing photo-realistic imagery. In general, vector format is great for drawings, easy to stretch, easy to convert to bitmap but it is bad for photos and the web. Vector image is the file that has ending .svg, .wmf, etc†¦ And some software to edit Vector image are adobe Illustrator, Corel draw, Xara Xtreme, Serif DrawPlus, etc†¦ Sound: Sound travels in waves. These are continuous and are called analogue. The digital sound wave samples at regular intervals with gaps so small the user ears can not perceive them. There are many types of sound file which are mp3 or wav. Mp3: It is the good sound file. It is a compressed file and is good for internet connection. It does not require much memory. It does take too long to download and retain good quality. Finally, the mp3 file has a low sample rate and therefore produces a smaller file size. It is better than other sound file such as wav. Wav: It has a high sample rate which means the sound quality is closest to that produced by the actual instruments but it is a relatively large file. Because it is a large file so it requires much memory and the user take too long to download it. It is not good for internet users. Video and animation files: Video and animation files produce very large file sizes which require much memory. So they can seriously affect the speed of website. It require long time to download and control a large proportion of bandwidth for duration download even the user use a high quality internet connection. It takes a large proportion of website space and make the website slower. There are many types of video and animation files which are following: Mp4: It is a container format which allows a combination of audio, video, subtitles and still images to be held in the one single file. It also allows for advanced content such as 3D graphics, menus and user interactivity. It can be use by many different multimedia. It has very good quality. It also allows for streaming via the internet which means the user can watch it online. AVI: It is audio video interleave file. It is a video file that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) specification. It is a large file and takes memory native to Microsoft windows. It requires a special player that may be included with the Web browser but most of PCs can play it. WMV: It is window media video file which is preferred format for windows. It is originally designed for internet streaming applications. It can be streaming and possible to use less memory faster download. Internet connection speed: The speed of the users internet connection can decide how fast the web page is loaded. There are many types of internet connection which are: Broadband: It is a network that uses a medium that can carry multiple signals simultaneously using technique called multiplexing. The most common example for broadband communications is the typical cable television network which transmits the signals corresponding to dozen if TV channels over one cable. Finally, broadband network provide very fast internet speed. It is very good for internet users. Dial-up: It is the traditional method of connection and remained popular for many years. It has an average speed of 56 Kbps. It uses the existing analogue telephone lines. ISDN: It stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a dial-up communications services that uses standard telephone lines to provide high speed digital communication. The two most common ISDN services are Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface. It could reach speeds of 128 KBps.

An Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay -- Road Not Tak

An Analysis of Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken In "The Road Not Taken," by Robert Frost, many questions arose about the meaning of the poem. One common interpretation of the poem about assertion of individualism, where the speaker is taking the road not traveled so that he can assert his individualism, is a nice interpretation. However, I believe that the speaker is really having a hard time making up his mind, and the poem is a conversation with himself trying to rationalize his decision. It seems as if both ways might lead to great occurrences, but only one way is the right way. There are four points in the poem that stick out where the speaker is either vague and unclear or contradictory in evaluating his choices. The first is in the first stanza where it says "And sorry I could not travel both"(2). The second point is contradictory and between lines seven through ten particularly, where the speaker is musing over which path to take. Another particularly interesting point is in line thirteen where it says, "Oh, I kept the first for another day!" And the final point to look at is in line sixteen where Frost writes the vague word "sigh," with no further explanation as to its connotation. "And sorry I could not travel both" (2). This seems to be a no-brainer observation, but also one that many struggle with. The choices that are made in day-to-day lives are ones that will stick with that person forever, and many times it can be frustrating not to at least explore what the other choice could have had in store. There are limitations to being human and finite, and one of those is the inability to look in the future and know what is the best possible decision will be. It is important to look at all possible outcome... ...as a happy and reflective sigh, as if to indicate satisfaction in the decision he made. Either way could completely change the tone of the poem, depending on the meaning of the simple word sigh. To eliminate the controversy hear, it could be important to think of a sigh as an audible release of breath, or as a contemplative sigh, as if Frost were simply thinking of the past. Frost is a brilliant poet who allows the reader to sink into the poetry so that the reader has an opportunity to view the poetry in his or her particular way. It is interesting to note some of the potentially confusing or sticking points in the poem that can cause some individual reflection. This allows the reader to have their own special connection to the poem, because a poem can conjure up many different thoughts in many different people. Frost was a poet who had that great ability.

Suboxone: Neuron and Post-synaptic Potentials

Suboxone Biological Psychology Suboxone | Addiction psychology has made a great impact on the field of biological psychology, especially when it comes to subjects such as | |psycho-pharmacology. The abuse of prescription pain medicine has risen to an estimated 9 million in America alone who take the medication for | |non-medical reasons. The psychology field has had a new revolution in addiction control called Suboxone. In order for psychiatric doctors or other| |doctors to prescribe this medicine they are required to complete a training course on the substance. Rapidly replacing Methadone, a more | |traditional detox and maintenance drug used for many years, Suboxone seems to have many treatment advantages over it. | |Buprenophine | |Buprenophine, the chemical compound found in Suboxone has stated that it is suitable for people who still have social ties to their families and | |employers whereas Methadone is suited best for those who need additional structure in their treatment with more supervision. While it is nearly | |impossible to overdose on Suboxone due to its ceiling effect, Methadone is easily abused as it is a full-agonist opiate. Another advantage that | |Suboxone has over Methadone is it readability. Where patients must go to Methadone clinics for dosing, doctors can prescribe Suboxone for a month | |at a time, allowing patients to detox and maintain their treatment. Buprenophine is available in two pill forms, one without Naloxone-called | |Subutex, or one with Naloxone-called Suboxone. Naloxone is a well known opiate antagonist, that when injected, causes instant withdraw in the | |patient. Putting this ingredient as an additive with Buprenophine keeps the drug from being abused. Buprenophine is usually prescribed for just a | |few weeks, but some patients may need maintenance doses depending on their opiate usage and/or dependency. In order to better understand the way | |Suboxone and other opiates work within the central nervous system individuals should understand post-synaptic potentials, synaptic ransmission, the| |receptors that produce and regulate behavior (including abusing opiates), as well as understanding and knowing the primary neurotransmitters and | |their role in brain function and behavior. | |Excitatory and Inhibitory Post-synaptic Potentials | |The role of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials is summed up by NCBI Bookshelf (n. d. ; | |â€Å"Postsynaptic conductance changes and the potential changes that accompany them alter the pro bability that an action potential will be produced in | |the postsynaptic cell. Post-synaptic Potentials decrease the probability that the post synaptic cell will generate an action potential. PSPs are | |called excitatory (or EPSPs) if they increase the likelihood of a postsynaptic action potential occurring, and inhibitory (or IPSPs) if they | |decrease this likelihood. Given that most neurons receive inputs from both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, it is important to understand more | |precisely the mechanisms that determine whether a particular synapse excites or inhibits its postsynaptic partner. â€Å" | |Synaptic Transmission and Receptors Producing and Regulating Behavior | |Neurons communicate through synaptic transmission. The synapse can be found as a tiny gap found in the middle of the axon terminal and the neuron | |next to it. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that are located in synaptic vesicles are responsible for delivering messages across the | |synapse and bind to the receptor sites. When a molecule of a neurotransmitter binds to the receptor it then continues to activate or inhibit the | |neuron until the deactivation occurs. A method of deactivation is called re-uptake, allowing the neurotransmitter molecules to be delivered back to| |the presynaptic neuron. Various drugs, including opiates such as hydrocodone or methadone function as agonists because they increase the activity | |of the neurotransmitter while others such as Naloxone act as antagonists decreasing the activity of the neurotransmitter. | |Primary Neurotransmitters | |The three major neurons located in the nervous system are the sensory, motor, and inter-neurons. Sensory neurons are responsible to input messages | |from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and organs. | |Interneurons perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord are called the central nervous system | |while all neurons that connect the CNS to the muscles, glands, and sensory receptors are located in the peripheral nervous system. In this regard, | |the PNS is divided into two systems:the somatic nervous system that includes sensory and motor neurons, and the autonomic nervous system required to| |regulate glands as well as other involuntary functions such as circulation, breathing, and digestion. The autonomic nervous system consists of two | |branches as well. The sympathetic branch activates or arouses bodily organs while the parasympathetic branch does the complete opposite. Most | |nerves enter and leave the CNS via the spinal cord. | | |

Analysis of Eliza Doolittles Pygmalion Monologues

Analysis of Eliza Doolittles Pygmalion Monologues In the final scene of George Bernard Shaws play Pygmalion, the audience is surprised to learn that this is not the fairytale romance that  the entire play has been building up to. Eliza Doolittle may be the Cinderella of the story, but Professor Henry Higgins is no Prince Charming and he cannot bring himself to commit to her. The fiery dialogue also transforms the play from comedy to drama as Elizas monologues are filled with passion. We see that she really has come a long way from that innocent flower girl that first appeared on stage. She is a young woman with a mind of her own and new-found opportunities in front of her though she does not quite know where to go now. We also see her slip back into her Cockney grammar as her temper flares. Though she catches and corrects herself, these are final reminders of her past as we wonder about her future. Eliza Expresses Her Desires Prior to this, Higgins has run through Elizas options for the future. It seems to him that her best prospect is to find a man unlike the confirmed old bachelors like me and the Colonel.  Eliza explains the relationship she desired from him. It’s a tender scene that almost warms the Professor’s heart despite himself. ELIZA: No I dont. Thats not the sort of feeling I want from you. And dont you be too sure of yourself or of me. I could have been a bad girl if Id liked. Ive seen more of some things than you, for all your learning. Girls like me can drag gentlemen down to make love to them easy enough. And they wish each other dead the next minute. (much troubled) I want a little kindness. I know Im a common ignorant girl, and you a book-learned gentleman; but Im not dirt under your feet. What I done (correcting herself) what I did was not for the dresses and the taxis: I did it because we were pleasant together and I comecameto care for you; not to want you to make love to me, and not forgetting the difference between us, but more friendly like. When Eliza Realizes the Truth Unfortunately, Higgins is a permanent bachelor. When he is incapable of offering affection, Eliza Doolittle stands up for herself in this powerfully feisty monologue. ELIZA: Aha! Now I know how to deal with you. What a fool I was not to think of it before! You cant take away the knowledge you gave me. You said I had a finer ear than you. And I can be civil and kind to people, which is more than you can. Aha! Thats done you, Henry Higgins, it has. Now I dont care that (snapping her fingers) for your bullying and your big talk. Ill advertize it in the papers that your duchess is only a flower girl that you taught, and that shell teach anybody to be a duchess just the same in six months for a thousand guineas. Oh, when I think of myself crawling under your feet and being trampled on and called names, when all the time I had only to lift up my finger to be as good as you, I could just kick myself! Does Civility Equal Kindness? Higgins has readily admitted that he is fair in his treatment of everyone. If he is harsh with her, she should not feel bad because he is equally harsh most people he meets.  Eliza jumped on this and the realization forces a final decision from her, at least when it comes to Higgins. This also makes the audience wonder about the commentary on wealth and civility in relation to kindness and compassion. Was Eliza Doolittle as kind when she was living in the gutter? Most readers would say yes, yet it draws a stark contrast to Higgins excuse of unbiased severity. Why does a higher class of society come with less kindness and compassion? Is that really a better way of life? It seems that Eliza struggled with these questions herself. Where is the Happily Ever After Ending? The big question that Pygmalion leaves the audience with is: Do  Eliza and Higgins ever get together? Shaw did not initially say and he intended for the audience to decide for themselves. The play ends with Eliza saying goodbye. Higgins calls after her with, of all things, a shopping list! He is absolutely positive that she will return. In reality, we do not know what happens to the two characters of Pygmalion. This confounded early directors of the play (and the My Fair Lady movie) because many felt that the romance should have blossomed. Some had Eliza return with the necktie from Higgins shopping list. Others had Higgins toss Eliza a bouquet or follow her and beg her to stay. Shaw intended to leave the audience with an ambivalent conclusion. He wanted us to imagine what might happen because each of us will have a different perspective based on our own experiences. Maybe the romantic sort would have the two live happily ever after while those jaded by love would be happy to see her go out in the world and enjoy her independence. The directors attempts to change Shaws ending prompted the playwright to pen an epilogue: The rest of the story need not be shewn in action, and indeed, would hardly need telling if our imaginations were not so enfeebled by their lazy dependence on the ready-mades and reach-me-downs of the ragshop in which Romance keeps its stock of happy endings to misfit all stories.   Though he also gave arguments as to why Higgins and Eliza were incompatible, he did write a version of what happened after the final scene. One feels that it was done with reluctance and its almost a shame to pass along this ending, so if you want to retain your own version, it would be best to stop reading here (you really will not miss much). In his finale, Shaw tells us that Eliza does indeed marry Freddy and the couple opens a flower shop. Their life together is filled with dreariness and not too much success, a far cry from those romantic thoughts of the plays directors.

Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Essay Example

Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Essay Example Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Paper Why was there an economic crisis in Germany in 1923 Paper There are several causes to the economic crisis in Germany in 1923. The Great War contributed greatly to this, but Germanys problems had begun even before the War had started. In 1914 the German Government decided to come off of the Gold Standard. This was a system in which every bank note had an equivalent sum of gold, kept in the vaults of the German Central Bank. You could go to the bank and would be able to swap your note for gold, although people would normally use the notes to buy things, like an IOU, as it was easier to do this than to use pieces of gold. When the First World War began in 1914, Germany needed more money to pay for food and weapons. The German Government found that the easiest way to obtain more money was to print more notes. This decreased the actual value of the money, as there was more money in circulation. During the War there were food shortages, this meant that there was too few goods to buy for the amount of money that there was in circulation. We can see that inflation occurred, because of the drastic fall in the value of money. In January 1921, there were 64 marks to the dollar, by November 1923; this amount had risen drastically to 4. trillion marks to the dollar! Inflation had been occurring since 1914, so was a long-term cause of the economic crisis. When Germany lost the Great War to the allies, they had to agree with the terms of the treaty of Versailles. One of the terms of this treaty was that Germany had to lose land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and the League of Nations. When losing this land, the German Government lost the tax income from it. The tax income could have helped to pay the reparations of  £6,600 million, which was also a term of the Treaty of Versailles. Reasons for the economic crisis, involving the Treaty of Versailles were short-term causes because they happened quite suddenly, rather than over a long period of time. The land lost contained 14% of arable farmland. It produced food and work for the surrounding area. There was now even less food, making the problem of food shortages even worse. This land also contained 74% of Germanys iron ore, 68% of her zinc ore and 26% of her coal- most of the countrys wealth. Germany could not afford to pay her reparations. This was linked to the invasion of the Ruhr. The Treaty of Versailles also meant that Germany had to reduce its army to 100,000 men. As France no longer felt as strongly under threat by the German army and wanted their reparations paid up, they felt that they could invade the Ruhr. The Ruhr is the most industrialised part of Germany. Poincarre, the French leader, sent in five divisions of French soldiers to acquire the reparations they were owed. A division of Belgian soldiers joined them. They intended to take control of the German factories and mines in this area. All goods produced would be shipped off to France, until the reparations owed to the French were paid. This was a short-term cause to the economic crisis, as it only happened over a matter of days and weeks, unlike inflation, which was occurring for years. Germany could do nothing to stop this. This made Germany very ashamed, especially after losing the War and having to agree with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles as well. The Government ordered passive resistance. The French had no one to work for them as the Ruhr workers were ordered to go on strike. They were ordered to refuse to co-operate with the occupiers. The French then kicked 150,000 German workers out of the Ruhr. They fled as refugees. This produced yet another problem for the already suffering Government and people of Germany. How could they afford to feed, clothe and house the refugees? All their money was already being used to pay reparations, how could they afford this? These problems were solved, but by causing another problem. It seemed that the only way to overcome the problem of the refugees was to print more money. The money in circulation now was growing greatly and the cost of living was increasing. The economic crisis was a vicious circle, by solving one problem they were creating another. It seemed as though it was never going to end. Although there were many causes for the economic crisis, I believe that one made a bigger impact than the others. The Great War, the costs of which were astronomical, both during and after. The War increased the effect of inflation, as the Government printed more notes to try and cope with the problems the War was bringing, therefore decreasing the value and making problems worse. After the War, the Treaty of Versailles produced many difficulties. All of the problems caused by this linked with each other and then back to inflation. The German economic crisis was inevitable because the Government did not know that coming off of the Gold Standard would cause inflation- it was going to happen, they thought it would be better, not worse. They could not have prevented the Treaty of Versailles as they lost the War. They didnt purposely lose the War to cause themselves problems,the problems were inevitable. The economic crisis was waiting to happen, Germany could not have stopped it!

To what extent is the Catholic Church central to Rome's status as a Essay

To what extent is the Catholic Church central to Rome's status as a contemporary World City - Essay Example Other factors such as economic activities, politics, and geographical location have also shaped the city into its current status. The history and development of Rome City can be traced back during the Roman Empire. The influences of the tradition of the Roman Empire are evident in the architecture of the city’s buildings and other structures. Architecture was necessary in the growth and success of Rome. Formal architecture like basilicas and temples, and their related structures such as aqueducts and bridges have played significant roles in shaping Rome into its current status. Although there are several factors that led to the development and success of Rome City, this paper mainly focuses on the influence of the Catholic Church on Rome’s current claims to World City status. Introduction Rome, or particularly Vatican City, is the center of the Roman Catholic religion. It was pronounced a sovereign nation in 1929 as a result of Lateran Accords (Giorgi, 2008 p223). Earli er, before it was designated as a sovereign state, Vatican comprised of smaller Papal States. Vatican City exists as a walled-enclave in Rome, and it is the world’s smallest country. The Lateran Accord of 1929 pronounced Roman Catholicism the official religion of Italy (Davies & Nichols, 2006 p5). It is, therefore, obvious that most of the county’s development and success has been cultural. Roman Catholicism beliefs and architectures are deeply rooted in Rome’s landscape. Being a Roman Catholicism Empire, the Vatican City is ruled by Pope, whose office is the highest in Catholic Church, and serves as the headquarter s of the Roman Catholic Church (Davies & Nichols, 2006 p6). Vatican City is situated on the Vatican Hill surrounded by Rome, which is Italy’s Capital City, and it covers an area of 44 hectares (Nicolet, 1991 p13). The city is surrounded by Renaissance and medieval walls, constructed using the ancient roman architectural designs, which separate s it from other cities except St. Peters Square. Within the city, there are a number of magnificent gardens, buildings, complex of courtyards, and a well organized network of roads and walking paths (Nicolet, 1991 p13). History of the Vatican City The first foundation, basilica, in the city was laid down by Emperor Constantine the Great in the 14th Century AD. This foundation is what is believed to be the tomb of St. Peter, who the Catholics claim to be the first Pope. The vast regions of the Vatican Valley and Hill, was anciently used for chariot races and other sports, and as a burial ground (Bonechi Books, 2000 p4). As time passed by, this region became a sacred ground where the Roman Catholic used to perform most of their functions. In the following century, Popes who returned from France established themselves, and took official residence in the Vatican City, and reconstructed the Vatican Palace and the St. Peter basilica to expand its size, beautify its gardens, and add more b uildings to accommodate their governmental offices (Lanciani, 2009 p123). In the late 16th Century, the government of the Vatican and Popes officially occupied Quirinal Palace, located in the outcasts of the Vatican City. The government of Italy, in 1870, confiscated Papal States, and the Popes lived in Vatican as self imposed prisoners for over fifty years (Lanciani, 2009

Marketing Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Management Master - Assignment Example Secondly, the customers might not be as knowledgeable as the ones who were there for the larger boats. This means that the company has to educate the buyers on how to use their boats in addition to giving them appropriate maintenance and handling tips. All this would mean that the company has to handle the entire marketing setup in a different way compared what they were doing earlier. 1. Products that are made by the company are positioned as a niche product. This positioning has to be altered in order to ensure that the company does not lose out on their turnover. The company has to cultivate and build relationship with buyers of the smaller boats. 2. On analysing the pricing position of the product, it is clear that the company might have to sell larger numbers to reach the same turnover that they were doing earlier. This can be realised only if the company decides to sell these boats through a distributor network. 4. The company has to have a clear public communication program that would enable the company to reach the buyers and the targeted clients. This promotion is required in order to ensure that the product gains on the market. This overall strategy will be strengthened by the positive aspects that are already present with the company. These are typically, the brand of the company that would help it to realise the market much more easily. Secondly, there is also a technological supremacy that would help the company to market much better than the rest of the competition. However, it needs to look at the new set of customers differently and also approach them in a different method. In order to realise the overall objectives listed above the following three jobs need to be executed. 1. Appropriate stocking of the finished boats should be present for immediate selling. 2. Since the company has to sell larger numbers, they need to deal through a set of distributors. 3. Competition has to be studied well and continuously monitored to fix an appropriate pricing policy and customer satisfaction policies. These three objectives are discussed in detail below. Promotional Strategy The company has to ensure that the 'right' quantity of boats and yachts are maintained in stock. This will enable the company to dispatch or supply boats on demand and meet the customer requirements immediately. The stocks have to be planned in contrast to the original pull style production system that they had. They need to move over to the push style system that would expect the company to